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Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau〔Clemenceau's name is spelled with an (e) and not with the (é) that is normally required in French for the pronunciation .〕 ((:ʒɔʁʒ bɛ̃ʒamɛ̃ klemɑ̃so);〔Clemenceau rather preferred the pronunciation , but current usage has adopted the vowel (by analogy with the name ''Clément''). See P. Fouché, ''Traité de prononciation française'', Paris, 1956, p. 65.〕 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who led the nation in the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in politics during the Third Republic. Clemenceau served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. In favour of a total victory over the German Empire, he militated for the restitution of Alsace-Lorraine to France. He was one of the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles at the France Peace Conference of 1919. Nicknamed "Père la Victoire" (''Father Victory'') or "Le Tigre" (''The Tiger''), he took a harsh position against defeated Germany, though not quite as much as President Poincaré, and won agreement on Germany's payment of large sums for reparations.
==Early years==
Clemenceau was a son of the Vendée, born at Mouilleron-en-Pareds. In Revolutionary times, the Vendée had been a hotbed of monarchist sympathies. By his birth, its people were fiercely republican. The region was remote from Paris, rural and poor. His mother Sophie Eucharie Gautreau (1817–1903) was of Huguenot descent. His father Benjamin Clemenceau (1810–1897) came from a long line of physicians, but he lived off his lands and investments and did not practice medicine. The father had a reputation as an atheist and a political activist; he was arrested and briefly held in 1851 and again in 1858. He instilled in his son a love of learning, devotion to the Revolution, and a hatred of Catholicism.〔David Watson, ''Georges Clemenceau: A Political Biography'' (1976) pp. 16-22.〕
After his studies in the Nantes Lycée, Georges received his French baccalaureate of letters in 1858. He went to Paris to study medicine but did not practice there because he did not graduate.〔Watson (1976), pp. 16-22.〕
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